Knowledge, skills and understanding

Developing confidence and responsibility and making the most of their abilities

1) Pupils should be taught:

1. to recognise what they like and dislike, what is fair and unfair, and what is right and wrong
2. to share their opinions on things that matter to them and explain their views
3. to recognise, name and deal with their feelings in a positive way
4. to think about themselves, learn from their experiences and recognise what they are good at
5. how to set simple goals.

Preparing to play an active role as citizens

2) Pupils should be taught:

1. to take part in discussions with one other person and the whole class
2. to take part in a simple debate about topical issues
3. to recognise choices they can make, and recognise the difference between right and wrong
4. to agree and follow rules for their group and classroom, and understand how rules help them
5. to realise that people and other living things have needs, and that they have responsibilities to meet them
6. that they belong to various groups and communities, such as family and school
7. what improves and harms their local, natural and built environments and about some of the ways people look after them
8. to contribute to the life of the class and school
9. to realise that money comes from different sources and can be used for different purposes.

Developing a healthy, safer lifestyle

3) Pupils should be taught:

1. how to make simple choices that improve their health and well-being
2. to maintain personal hygiene
3. how some diseases spread and can be controlled
4. about the process of growing from young to old and how people's needs change
5. the names of the main parts of the body
6. that all household products, including medicines, can be harmful if not used properly
7. rules for, and ways of, keeping safe, including basic road safety, and about people who can help them to stay safe.

Developing good relationships and respecting the differences between people

4) Pupils should be taught:

1. to recognise how their behaviour affects other people
2. to listen to other people, and play and work cooperatively
3. to identify and respect the differences and similarities between people
4. that family and friends should care for each other
5. that there are different types of teasing and bullying, that bullying is wrong, and how to get help to deal with bullying.

Breadth of study

5) During the key stage, pupils should be taught the Knowledge, skills and understanding through opportunities to:

1. take and share responsibility [for example, for their own behaviour; by helping to make classroom rules and following them; by looking after pets well]
2. feel positive about themselves [for example, by having their achievements recognised and by being given positive feedback about themselves]
3. take part in discussions [for example, talking about topics of school, local, national, European, Commonwealth and global concern, such as 'where our food and raw materials for industry come from']
4. make real choices [for example, between healthy options in school meals, what to watch on television, what games to play, how to spend and save money sensibly]
5. meet and talk with people [for example, with outside visitors such as religious leaders, police officers, the school nurse]
6. develop relationships through work and play [for example, by sharing equipment with other pupils or their friends in a group task]
7. consider social and moral dilemmas that they come across in everyday life [for example, aggressive behaviour, questions of fairness, right and wrong, simple political issues, use of money, simple environmental issues]
8. ask for help [for example, from family and friends, midday supervisors, older pupils, the police].